Special Characters That can be used in URL

According to the URL encoding standard (RFC 3986), the following characters are generally safe and do not need to be encoded:

1. Letters (A-Z, a-z)
2. Numbers (0-9)
3. Hyphen -
4. Underscore _
5. Period (.)
6. Tilde (~)

These characters are often referred to as "unreserved characters" in the context of URL encoding. They can be used as-is in a URL without the need for encoding.